Globally 29,000 accessions of proso millet, 8,000 accessions each of barnyard and kodo millets, and 3,000 accessions of little millet have been assembled and conserved fig. To do so, we created synthetic artificial gaps by removing genebank occurrences in five. Exsitu conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to insitu conservation. Ex situ conservation, which involves maintaining populations outside of their natural habitat, is not only the basis for reintroduction but also an important supplementary measure for in situ conservation 20, 21. Ex situ conservation of biodiversity with particular. Ex situ is an important conservation tool for rare and endangered species and their representative populations, and aids conservation of valuable genetic stock in tree. Ex situ conservation involves plant and animal species. Insitu and exsitu conservation of biodiversity an overview. In situ conservation is the onsite conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plants or animal species such as forest genetic resources, in natural populations of tree and animal species.
Insitu conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside exsitu conservation. Pdf ex situ and in situ conservation of agricultural biodiversity. Pdf technologies and strategies for ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation also acts as a backup for certain segments of diversity that might otherwise be lost in nature and in humandominated ecosystems. Examples of ex situ processes include land treatment and composting. Although, because some breedingpropagation programs are needed for certain species and education is largely beneficial, i believe that both insitu and exsitu methods have their place in effective conservation. Ex situ conservation methods bioversity international. Conservation of biodiversity protecting the loss of biodiversity. Ex situ conservation methods samples genetic diversity of species using certain criteria and storepropagate the collected material outside the. Conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water.
It is generally used to safeguard populations that are at present or potentially under threat and need to be collected and conserved in genebanks in the form of seeds, live plants, tissues, cells and or dna. Ex situ collections held as seeds or whole plants can help with research on germination or cultivation and reintroductions to the wild. Conservation of biodiversity is done in two ways insitu and exsitu conservation. Insitu conservation of biodiversity includes biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. Ex situ seed conservation ex situ conservation is the conservation of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics. Exsitu conservation exsitu conservation dealing with the offsite conservation of the wild genetic resources genetic diversity. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu populations for conservation approved at the 14th meeting of the programme committee of council, gland switzerland, 10 december 2002 international union for conservation of nature. Exsitu conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to conserve the genetic diversity, thereby reducing pressure on wild habitats and augmenting. It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat.
The conservation within natural or even manmade ecosystems where the organism. Collections that are more phylogenetically diverse are likely to encompass more. This may be through the integration of speciesspecific in situ and ex situ conservation actions as encouraged in the iucn species survival commission. India encompasses at present 89 national parks and 496 sanctuaries moef, 2001 covering an area of 1. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured.
Until recently, the main conservation strategy adopted for cwr has been ex situ through the maintenance of samples as seed or vegetative material in various kinds of genebank or other facilities. It involves the location, sampling, transfer and storage of samples of the target taxa away from their native habitat to be conserved at. Importance of ex situ collections for conservation in situ was realized when collections in botanical. Its conservation embraces maintenance, sustainable utilization, and restoration, of the lost and degraded biodiversity through two basic and complementary strategies called in situ and ex situ.
Pdf in situ and ex situ conservation of red panda in. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a. Prepare a ten minute presentation to describe how the survival of one plant or one animal observed is being assisted by exsitu conservation strategies. Ex situ measures should preferentially be put into practice in the country of species origin. Ex situ conservation is the conservation of components of biodiversity outside their natural habitats cbd definition, unced, 1992. The nominate race of red panda ailurus fulgens fulgens f. Ex situ conservation is the conservation of biodiversity outside their. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. They also function as conservation centres of organisms which have become extinct in wild. National park, wild life sanctuaries, conservation and community reserves duration. Ex situ conservation 1 ex situ conservation 2 ex situ conservation.
Difference between insitu and ex situ conservation major. In situ and ex situ conservation of biodiversity in india. Now the need to conserve cwr in their natural surroundings in situ is increasingly recognized. Exsitu conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to in situ conservation. Conservation of plant genetic resources is achieved by protection of populations in nature in situ or by preservation of samples in gene banks ex situ. It is generally used to safeguard populations that are at present or potentially under threat and need to be collected and conserved in gen. The state of in situ management food and agriculture organization. Finally, ex situ primate populations can educate and raise awareness about the threats facing primates. Pdf the effective conservation and use of agricultural biodiversity is vital for creating and. I do agree that insitu conservation, in general, can be more important. The process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its.
The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. Agricultural biodiversity, genetic diversity, ex situ conservation, in situ conservation, crop wild relatives. National parks, sacred forests, lakes, marine parks, biosphere reserves, gene sanctuaries. The major techniques to protect rare and endangered plants include in situ conservation, reintroduction, and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surround.
Management of germplasm collections and genebanks 101 a. The main areas for research in the development of ex situ conservation. Exsitu means literally, offsite conservation the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal outside of its natural habitat. Ex situ conservation in germplasm and living collections is a major focus of global plant conservation strategies. Article 8 of the convention on biological diversity cbd specifies insitu conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that exsitu measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets. Cuvier, 1825, endemic to eastern himalayas, is a flagship species for in situ and ex situ conservation. Ex situ conservation is the technique of conservation of all levels of. Ex situ conservation consists of conserving genetic variation outside the natural habitat of the species and populations being conserved. To download a copy of this report, visit the alberta government open data website. This insituexsitu integration necessitates collaboration at. In situ conservation is one of two basic conservation strategies, alongside ex situ conservation. In situ and ex situ biodegradation technologies for remediation of contaminated sites index 1. The onfarm conservation and management of pgrfa is often regarded as a. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources.
Ex situ conservation of parrots and greybreasted parakeet 15 5. Wildlife conservation is broadly classified into these two types. Ppt ex situ conservation powerpoint presentation free. Zoological institutions contribute directly to threatened species conservation through paradigms, such as reintroduction, headstarting, supplementation, or rescuerehabilitationrelease. Complex ex situ in situ approach for conservation of. Insitu conservation the conservation efforts are taken. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu. The endangered species are protected from predators. A term defined by the convention on biological diversity 1993 as the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. You need highlighters and i use timers however i have taken them out as it made the file too big to upload. It includes the collection, preservation and maintenance of selected genetic resources from wild.
The latter are essential for users of germplasm who need ready access. Some of the major differences between insitu and exsitu conservation are as follows. Zoologial gardens are conservation centres where varieties of animals are protected and housed separately and where necessary arrangements are made available for their reproduction. Ex situ conservation is an important complementary strategy for in situ to conserve endangered plant species. Current status of ex situ genetic conservation in alberta. Spatial ex situ conservation gaps were calculated from the conservation gap scores using a cross. Exsitu conservation national medicinal plants board. Describe the role of zoo, aquaria, botanical garden, arboreta and seed bank in conservation and give example for each. Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 14 iv. Article 8 of the convention on biological diversity cbd specifies in situ conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that ex situ measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets. Prioritizing species for ex situ collection is a necessary component of this effort for which sound strategies are needed. Insitu conservation means the conservation of a species in its natural habitat and the maintenance and recovery of viable. The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8. There is an increasing need for a one plan approach for conservation strategies that integrate insitu and exsitu management processes.
Ex situ conservation provides less mobility to the organisms due to relatively smaller habitat or area than the in situ. Ex situ conservation ex situ conservation methods samples genetic diversity of species using certain criteria and storepropagate the collected material outside the natural environments in which the species grows heywood and iriondo 2003. Conservation systems in situ and ex situ concepts and importance of conservation of plant genetic resources. The future of primate conservation calls for an approach that integrates in situ conservation practices with ex situ managed populations, with conservation management strategies that.
A system wide approach to managing zoo collections for. Exsitu conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of. Principles of in situ and ex situ conservation of biodiversity. However, the limited areas designated for ex situ conservation such as in botanic gardens have become a great challenge for conservation practitioners and scientists attempting to optimally conserve the genetic diversity of targeted plant species.
Ex situ conservation plan for forest genetic resources in. Insitu conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species. Genetic diversity and ex situ conservation of loropetalum. In situ conservation the conservation of genetic resources through their maintenance within natural or even human made ecosystems in which they occur, is called insitu conservation. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of. The integration of ex situ management measures for the giant panda conservation plan will generate more positive conservation results for the species. Ex situ and in situ approaches, including assisted. Ex situ conservation methods ened in situ and is the for the conservation of the specific genetic resource, frequently, the will be to establish populations that maintain as much as possible of the original and allows for longterm. Biodiversity encompasses variety and variability of all forms of life on earth that play a great role in human existence. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities. Sanctuaries for rhododendrons and orchids have been established in sikkim. Loss of biodiversity the iucn red list 2004 documents the extinction of 784 species in the last 500 years. Ex situ conservation definition of ex situ conservation. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services.
Ex situ and in situ approaches, including assisted reproduction, for the conservation of native species of charr salmonidae and. It is conservation of endangered species in their natural habitats. Ex situ conservation plan for forest genetic resources in alberta. Ex situ conservation is the preservation and propagation of species and populations, their germ cell lines, or somatic cell lines outside the natural habitat where. Ex situ and in situ conservation teaching resources. It is now recognized that ex situ techniques can be efficiently used to complement in situ methods, and they may represent the only option for conserving certain highly endangered and rare. Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation. Ex situ primate conservation ferrie major reference. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing global. The vaquita ex situ conservation efforts are being overseen by cirva, and involve bringing in top experts from around the world to ensure that the program is run in a way that minimizes risk to the animals, and provides the best possible benefit for the species persistence. Establishment and implementation of ex situ conservation. Seedling selection using molecular approach for ex situ. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger.