Slade, cryotron substrate interconnection tech niques, ieee trans. As ac loss and critical current of hts tapes are dependent on. Htsc superconduction the lossfree electric conduction properties of some materials at very low temperatures was discovered in 1911. A partial core superconducting transformer, that was built in the electrical and computer engineering department, was tested under noload, shortcircuit, fullload and a two minute fullload endurance run. Ratings the singlephase transformer has a nominal frequency of 50 hz. An estimate is made of the losses in superconducting transformer windings. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that. Mar 24, 2014 transformer is a static device which transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without changing its frequency. The purpose of the development was to reduce the size and weight of main transformers and improve their efficiency.
Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer august 31, 1998 a superconductivity partnership initiative to be signed tuesday by the department of energy doe and waukesha electric systems is a mega boost toward nextgeneration transformers that. Highlights we study a superconducting film flux transformer for the sensor of magnetic field. For a transformer, the annual energy loss depends on the loaddependent efficiency of the transformer and the characteristic load curve at the specific location in the grid or elsewhere. By applying and sensing direct current and voltage signals at the io loops, we manipulated and detected magnetic flux quantization in the isolated central ring without relying on an. En quelques secondes, transformez gratuitement vos documents et obtenez des pdf dune haute qualite. Transformer is a static device which transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit without changing its frequency. Seminar ppt sfcl ppt transformer superconductivity. Oct 22, 2007 the primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance. Early partial core development is discussed followed by some material testing at cryogenic temperatures. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions. A 1100550kv, 1750mva sct is conceptually designed, which has windings of ultrafine filament.
The middle and outside windings were connected in series, in effect making it a 230v230v isolating transformer figure 3. Superconducting electric machines are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one or more superconducting elements. Superconducting film flux transformer for a sensor of a weak. Transformers o types o electrical circuit o losses and loss evaluation o state oftheart. Deschanels, fonctionnement du transformateur a courant continu utile en ponlpe a flux, cen saclay report cear3249,july 1967. Electrical power engineering, school of electronics and computer science. First off, there are superconductors which do not need to be cooled to extraordinarily cold temperatures. In order to make it possible to produce superconducting coils with small overall height, they are made from a plurality of coil subunits, optionally with a plurality of layers for each coil subunit, in particular in. Transformer academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Control and readout of currentinduced magnetic flux. Introduction to superconducting magnets cea saclay 6082016 22 a brief history of magnetism. The rated current of the transformer was 65a on all the windings. The working principle consists in coupling a high inductive primary coil with a low inductive secondary coil.
Superconducting transformer was modeled 1mva transformer, fig. The superconducting transformer consisted of three windings. New superconducting transformer is light and compact. Lts for conventional technologies transformer riemersma 1981 hep detector magnet desportes 1980 500mhz nmr williams 1981 0. Pdf in 2005, the development of a 50hz, 15kva, 30v. To reduce losses, the cryostat was to be made of a nonconducting fiberglass reinforced plastic frp. A superconducting transformer system for high current cable. A 100 kva transformer used by eskom has noload losses of 300 w. The current transfa problem was not solved at transformer development m of 1 transformer and the be the the to a. Superconducting power equipment is presently implemented in the grid mainly in socalled standalone demonstrator applications. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions as the superconducting transformer, which means the same core can be used for two different sets of windings. Superconducting currentlimiting transformer for successful integration of renewable energy sources into our grids and the grids dynamic response to production and load fluctuations, grid structures are more finely meshed and grid branches are coupled on various voltage levels, where coupling has not been necessary so far. This step leads to an optimized operation of the powering system and it is applicable with both low and high tc superconductors. After simulation, it is concluded that there is almost no difference between the radial leakage flux of core type and shell type superconducting transformer.
The paper presents the current state of research on superconducting devices for the electrical power system. Superconducting transformer design and construction. The many promising hts applications include electric power transmission, transformers, power storage devices, electrical generators, and fault current limiters in a highperformance smart grid. A concept for a high voltage bushing was presented but the concept was not developed. This means, for example, that a conventional highvoltage cable is replaced by a superconducting mediumvoltage cable or that a single superconducting fault current limiter or a smes is implemented in a conventional grid. The inside winding was rated for 230v and both the middle and outside windings rated for 115v. The incomplete center was a slug of covered silicon steel. A high frequency superconducting aircore transformer the proposed power transformer is constructed by using superconductor wound on an air core, the primary and secondary windings as shown in figure 5 are spiral in shape, and they are made in bifilar way and interleaved each other. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer august 31, 1998 a superconductivity partnership initiative to be signed tuesday by the department of energy doe and waukesha electric systems is a mega boost toward nextgeneration transformers that are vastly more efficient, reliable and compact. Pdf an experimental high temperature superconducting. Sc transformer secondary coil 78 turns primary coil 3370 turns to supply current to the sample a superconducting transformer i. We have increased of important parameters of a magnetic field sensor. Gilabert university of nice sophia antipolis, ua cnrs 190, part valrose, 06108 nice cedex, france ivan k.
The feasibility of a uhv superconducting transformer sct in an electric power system is studied. Development of a 1 mva 3phase superconducting transformer using ybco roebel cable n glasson, m staines, r buckley, m pannu, s kalsi ieee transactions on applied superconductivity 21 3, 9396. Transformed dissipation in superconducting quantum circuits. Inductive shielded fcl in a three main application areas are. Magneting coupling force of the superconducting dc transformer, phys. Since superconductors have no dc resistance, they typically have greater efficiency. The windings were layer twisted with bi2223 hts wire. Copper primary winding superconducting shorted secondary winding primary winding is in series with the line to be protected. Sole, theorie, analyse et applications du fonctionne. The sensor based on the giant magnetoresistance effect.
Experimental superconducting transformer for current stepupt. We shall first discuss theparametersthatinfluence the design of such a superconducting transformer. Outline superconducting transformers o transformer history o basic transformer design o motivation of superconducting transformers o basics of superconducting transformers o types o electrical circuit o losses and loss evaluation o stateoftheart 10. Development of the superconducting transformer is arguably the most difficult of the ac power applications of superconductivity this is because of the need for verylow ac losses, adequate fault and surge performance, and the rigors of the application environment. Abstract the chapter provides an overview of power applications of high temperature superconductivity hts with emphasis on superconducting transformers.
Design results are presented for a fivelegged core, threephase, 3. The coil subunits are placed around a transformer core in a cryostat. Their application to domestic power supply is also explained as are the reasons why they will become the standard method of power distribution. Then, sct can be recovered to the superconducting state from the normal state with enough time. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer. A composite material dewar was developed to contain the fluid nitrogen. These changes include ac losses, shortcircuit stresses, and cooling loads. A new design of a 15kva single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating in liquid nitrogen, is presented. Sectional view of the transformer one half weight of magnetic parts weight of windings hv m hv 71 kg weight of windings lv. If these are not to be excessive, the transformer has to have a large rating. Can superconductors be used to reduce transmission losses in. While our circuit uses an electrically tunable transformer similar to that demonstrated previously in superconducting circuits 11, 12, the direct measure. This paper describes the design of a 3 phase high temperature superconducting hts transformer and its characteristics are analyzed. Pdf the paper presents physicomathematical models for analyzing transient processes in electrical networks having transformers with a.
Borcherds iq a previous paper 1 the author derived certain relation ships connecting the size of a transformer and the acceptable core. We examined the topological nanostructuring of the flux transformer. The leakage flux around the transformer winding has two components. Development of a new superconducting main transformer for trains. An innovative transformer concept using ceramic hightemperature superconductors instead of copper as winding material could reduce the transformer losses almost to zero. Evaluation of an efficiencent transformer core design poonam lutchman a dissertation submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, university of the witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements. Avec son interface simple, vous propose des conversions en pdf instantanees, illimitees et securisees. The early development of high temperature superconducting partial core transformers at the university of canterbury is then examined. Thats a pretty effective way to eliminate core losses. Superconducting transformer design and construction core. The primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance. Conceptual study of superconducting urban area power systems.
Comparison of the efficiency of superconducting and. Cn102426464a automatic liquid supplementation device of. Design optimization of hightemperature superconducting. Pdf a study of superconducting transformer with shortcircuit. However, when the transformer manufacturer decided to leave the project, the team effort was refocused to develop the key technologies necessary to produce a fcl second generation 2g high temperature superconducting hts transformer commercial prototype. The invention discloses an automatic liquid supplementation device of a hightemperature superconducting transformer.
Bruynseraede j3 university of nice sophia antipolis, ua cnrs 190, parc valrose. High temperature superconducting cables are defined as are the different types, warm dielectric and cryogenic dielectric. The feasibility of a uhv superconducting transformersct in an electric power system is studied. University of southampton, southampton so17 1bj, uk. The issues with building the superconducting transformer are outlined. Conductor losses in superconducting transformers sciencedirect. High temperature superconducting transmission cables. A bismuthbased superconducting tape wire was used for each of the windings of the testmanufactured main transformer. This paper briefly summarizes the history of superconducting transformer. Request pdf comparison of the efficiency of superconducting and conventional transformers for a transformer, the annual energy loss depends on the loaddependent efficiency of the transformer.
This idea en ables a direct comparison between measurements of en ergy decay t1 and the transformed dissipation from the environment. It is worth noting that the reactance of transformers is less, considering the whole power system, thus having less influence upon the stability of the power system. A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductorsthe transformers coils. New josephsonlike effect in a superconducting transformer. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to one or more circuits. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core and thus a. In summary, we have demonstrated the operation of a superconducting transformer, formed by three superconducting rings, interconnected via two permalloy cores. This article describes the development of a directcurrent dc superconducting transformer system for the high current test of superconducting cables. A copper winding transformer model, based on a steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse design method, is described. High temperature superconducting partial core transformers.
The current in the sample is energized by a superconducting transformer circuit, using an inductive method, where the sample conductor is a part of the secondary circuit. The goal of this work is the comparison of the efficiency and the annual energy losses of a superconducting from 2g high temperature superconductors and. A superconducting transformer coil 2 is arranged inside a liquid nitrogen dewar 1 of the superconducting transformer. We propose to introduce an ironcore superconducting transformer between the conventional power supply and the magnet. Hts high temperature superconducting hv high voltage ieee institute of electrical and electronics engineers k. High tc superconductor, which has superconducting properties in liquid nitrogen temperature, was discovered in 1986. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. In order to make it possible to produce superconducting coils with small overall height, they are made from a plurality of coil subunits, optionally with a plurality of layers for each coil subunit, in particular in the case of the lowvoltage coil of a transformer. Calculation of ac loss for high temperature superconductor. It has two identical lv windings taken toward the outside.